Each asset holds a value, often priced in U.S. dollars, which leads to another use case: trading and investing. Aside from stablecoins — which seek to stabilize the instability of cryptocurrencies by pegging an asset to something else, such as the U.S. dollar — most cryptocurrencies constantly fluctuate in price. You can trade between cryptocurrencies and national currencies (called fiat currencies) on exchanges, depending on the trading pairs available on the platform of choice.
At each point information from neighbouring data is used. As the time series considered are finite, the areas at the start and end of the data (especially at higher period bands) will not have all the data required. One solution to make computation possible, chosen here, is to pad the time series with zeros where required. However, the zero padding will impact the reliability of the results. It is standard to use a cone of influence to represent this difference in reliability of results. Pale colours represent those areas outside the cone of influence with less reliable results (as seen on Fig 3). Higher period bands require more data for computation resulting in the cone shape.

Ethereum makes some noteworthy improvements to Bitcoin’s basic architecture. In particular, it utilizes “smart contracts” that enforce the performance of a given transaction, compel parties not to renege on their agreements, and contain mechanisms for refunds should one party violate the agreement.
This is just one example, but it definitely highlights the difference between trading on Binance and Binance.US. Although small traders won't make much of an impact on either exchange, all else being equal, most traders would prefer to trade against the larger book, rather than the smaller one.