Although “smart contracts” represent an important move toward addressing the lack of chargebacks and refunds in cryptocurrencies, it remains to be seen whether they’re enough to solve the problem completely. Still, they’re at least partly responsible for Ethereum’s success.
President of Islamic Development Bank, African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Inter-American Development Bank, World Bank Group respectively.

In fact, every newly created blockchain copy comes with a two-part monetary reward: a fixed number of newly minted (“mined”) cryptocurrency units, and a variable number of existing units collected from optional transaction fees — typically less than 1% of the transaction value — paid by buyers.
It can be seen from Fig 6 that coherence in the short run is erratic throughout the time interval analysed, and that there is little appreciable difference between the bubble and non-bubble regimes. However in the medium term (8–16 and 16–32 days), coherence generally peaks around areas where bubbles have been identified in the price series. The longer term relationship, though, is less dependent on whether the price is in a bubble phase.