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Whereas in the original SADF test the starting value of the window, r1, was fixed to 0, in the GSADF test the starting point can now vary from 0 to r2 − r0 (this is the last possible starting point, near the end of the data set, that allows the test to be run on the minimum window size).
Since the Great Recession ended more than 12 years ago, growth stocks have been the talk of Wall Street. Historically low lending rates and an accommodative Federal Reserve have paved the way for fast-paced companies to borrow cheaply in order to hire, acquire, and innovate. A report from J.P. Morgan Asset Management, a division of JPMorgan Chase, found the average annual return for companies that initiated and grew their payouts between 1972 and 2012 completely trounced the average annual return of companies that didn't pay a dividend over the same four-decade span (9.5% vs. 1.6%).