Shiller, R. (1981), “Do stock prices move too much to be justified by subsequent changes in dividends?”, American Economic Review 71 (3), 421–36.
FACEBOOK WHISTLEBLOWER GOES PUBLIC: “The former Facebook Inc. employee who gathered documents that formed the foundation of The Wall Street Journal’s Facebook Files series said she acted to help prompt change at the social-media giant, not to stir anger toward it,” the Journal’s Jeff Horwitz wrote in a profile of Frances Haugen, a former product manager hired to help protect against election interference on the platform. She “said she had grown frustrated by what she saw as the company’s lack of openness about its platforms’ potential for harm and unwillingness to address its flaws. She is scheduled to testify before Congress on Tuesday. She has also sought federal whistleblower protection with the Securities and Exchange Commission.”

Initial Coin Offering. In an ICO, an entity issues virtual coins, often called tokens, to raise capital. A “token sale” is simply distributing a new cryptocurrency to investors, who typically pay for the tokens in bitcoin or another established cryptocurrency.
Some security tokens are linked to an external tradable asset, and you can feel relatively comfortable assessing them as a more volatile relative of traditional shares, perhaps using a similar framework to the one you’d employ for penny stocks.