Speculation is a prominent influence on cryptocurrency prices. As seen with the collapse of Bitcoin’s price in 2018, following a bull run from around $1,000 to just shy of $20,000 in 2017, experienced and inexperienced traders alike can go long for too long – expecting the price to keep rising and fearing missing out on the party.
Bitcoin’s surge to $69,000 took bears by surprise and cemented bulls expected $400 million profit at Friday’s $1.2 billion options expiry.

Bitcoin’s coherence values appear noticeably less affected by bubble and non-bubble regimes, especially over short and medium terms (2–4, 4–8, 8–16 and 16–32). The non-bubble coherence values are similar to those of the other cryptocurrencies, but the bubble regime values do not reach a similar magnitude to the other cryptocurrencies.
Lustig, H. N. and S. G. Van Nieuwerburgh (2005), “Housing collateral, consumption insurance, and risk premia: An empirical perspective”, Journal of Finance 60 (3), 1167–1219.