Since the first digital currencies were devised after the financial crisis, $2.3tn has been invested in them. But how do they, and other assets transacted on blockchain technology, actually work? And what risks do they pose? Read our explainers
At each point information from neighbouring data is used. As the time series considered are finite, the areas at the start and end of the data (especially at higher period bands) will not have all the data required. One solution to make computation possible, chosen here, is to pad the time series with zeros where required. However, the zero padding will impact the reliability of the results. It is standard to use a cone of influence to represent this difference in reliability of results. Pale colours represent those areas outside the cone of influence with less reliable results (as seen on Fig 3). Higher period bands require more data for computation resulting in the cone shape.

The result of this saw Bitcoin’s highest prices sliced in half in June, with the coin struggling to break out of the low to mid $30k price range until it received a welcome boost from Tesla founder Elon Musk in his appearance at major Bitcoin conference in July.
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