At each point information from neighbouring data is used. As the time series considered are finite, the areas at the start and end of the data (especially at higher period bands) will not have all the data required. One solution to make computation possible, chosen here, is to pad the time series with zeros where required. However, the zero padding will impact the reliability of the results. It is standard to use a cone of influence to represent this difference in reliability of results. Pale colours represent those areas outside the cone of influence with less reliable results (as seen on Fig 3). Higher period bands require more data for computation resulting in the cone shape.
Gas shortages at the pumps have spread from the South, all but emptying stations in Washington, D.C., following a ransomware cyberattack that forced a shutdown of the nation’s largest gasoline pipeline.

Binance.US will launch in partnership with a firm called BAM Trading Services, which was generally unknown until the announcement of the partnership and faceless until the appointment of former Ripple exec Catherine Coley as CEO, in July.
Cryptocurrency transactions are recorded on a decentralized ledger. This ledger is called a blockchain. Every time crypto is bought or sold, the transaction is added to the blockchain — a public database of the transactions, which is available to other crypto holders. Anyone can join and participate in the blockchain, but data on individual transactions — and the people involved with them — are secured using cryptography (the basis for the term cryptocurrency). For each transaction added to the blockchain, there’s a digital validation process to verify it and prevent fraud.